Which of the following is an effect of using non-target herbicides?

Using non-target herbicides can lead to injury to unintended plants. Non-target herbicides are designed to eliminate specific weeds or unwanted vegetation, but when they drift or are applied improperly, they can affect neighboring crops or native plants. This injury might manifest as stunted growth, discoloration, or even death of the plants that are not the intended targets of the herbicide application.

Although increased crop yield and reduction in soil acidity can occur under specific circumstances with proper herbicide use, they are not direct effects of non-target herbicides. Enhanced pest resistance typically relates to the target organisms increasing resilience against specific herbicides, which is separate from the concept of non-target effects. Injury to unintended plants is the most straightforward and immediate consequence of the misuse or misapplication of non-target herbicides.